1968 louisville riots

The stop was made in an African American neighborhood. Was the United States sick? As in many other cities around the country, there were unrest and riots partially in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. On May 27, 1968, a group of 400 people, mostly blacks, gathered at 28th and Greenwood Streets, in the Parkland neighborhood. As in many other cities around the country, there were unrest and riots partially in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., on April 4. When Robert F. Kennedy was assassinated in June of that year, President Lyndon Johnson cautioned the American people against jumping to any conclusions that our country is sick. But his vocal, defensive claim had the unintended effect of signaling that something was fundamentally off in the nations body politic. The King Assassination Riots were a series of more than 100 cases of civil unrest that occurred in the wake of the death of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. That's where the trouble began. 1965: Los Angeles. The Louisville riots of 1968 refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968. (Credit: Photo 12/UIG/Getty Images). Riots. Just 23 years after the United States led a coalition to defeat the evil of Nazi fascism, Western democracy itself seemed engulfed in one violent outbreak after another. 1190 BC) and soon afterwards to form . In the aftermath of Kings assassination, the country appeared powerless as the largest wave of urban riots in history engulfed more than 120 cities. The Louisville riots of 1968 refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968. Depending who you asked, the culprit could be one or more of a laundry list of toxic forces. The protests lead to more violence and destruction in the neighborhood. Congress, however, rejected the rest of Johnsons proposals believing the president did not do enough to suppress the urban violence. 0:00. The Louisville riots of 1968 refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968. Six units of the national guard, over 2,000 guardsmen, were ordered to Louisville. [2], Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Learn how your comment data is processed. The intersection, and Parkland in . President Lyndon B. Johnson condemned the assassination of Dr. King and initiated a series of legislative acts which many in the White House believed would improve conditions for African Americans in the inner cities. When Kennedy was murdered by a 24-year-old Palestinian on June 5, President Johnson mourned how a climate of extremism, of disrespect for law, of contempt for the rights of others had led to an outbreak of uncontrollable violence. For several days after the July 23, 1968, shootout, buildings around Glenville, Cleveland, were looted and set afire. Reid still clings to the moment. This riots resulted in 472 arrests and 2 dead. This turmoil was apparent all throughout the nation as racial tensions rose to a volatile level. Rioting in Louisville, KY (1968) In the 1960s, racial tension had been growing in Louisville. It's Really Happening:' The Louisville Race Riot of 1968," Kentucky History Journal, vol. As in many other cities around the country, there were unrest and riots partially in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., on April 4.On May 27, a group of 400 people, mostly blacks, gathered at 28th and Greenwood Streets, in the Parkland neighborhood. An open housing protester is dragged to a paddy wagon by Louisville police. African American History: Research Guides & Websites, Global African History: Research Guides & Websites, African American Scientists and Technicians of the Manhattan Project, Envoys, Diplomatic Ministers, & Ambassadors, Foundation, Organization, and Corporate Supporters. This turmoil was apparent all throughout the nation as racial tensions rose to a volatile level. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Learn how and when to remove this template message, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1968_Louisville_riots&oldid=1117340874, African-American history in Louisville, Kentucky, African-American riots in the United States, Articles needing additional references from February 2016, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 21 October 2022, at 05:44. The Louisville riots of 1968 refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968. A scuffle occurred between Clifford and Reid. Race is still a major issue in current day society, but the separation, turmoil, and anger associated with race issues seem to have diminished greatly over time. Police in riot gear could be seen blocking nearby streets. Although damage, looting, and violence did occur in New York City; it was largely avoided in part to the actions of the citys mayor, John Lindsay. Clifford was suspended for brutality in the arrest, but on May 23, a . joined the city police force in 1968, he was . Different degrees of unrest were seen depending on the city in which it took place. "I was arrested -let's put it that way - and that disturbed the community because of my status," he said. Manfred Reid, a real estate broker, was nearby and questioned the arrest. Kings death was superimposed upon other racial issues already facing many cities and to many blacks seemed the rejection of his non-violent approach to racial reform. 48-64; "Troops and Negroes Clash in Louisville Disorder," New York Times, 5/29/1968, p. 17; and the many articles in the Louisville Times, Courier-Journal and other local papers beginning May 28, 1968. Clay Risen, The Night New York Avoided a Riot, The Morning News, https://themorningnews.org/article/the-night-new-york-avoided-a-riot. Three weeks later, a rally was called in response to the arrests with 350-400 people attending. Six units of the national guard, over 2,000 guardsmen, were ordered to Louisville. As in many other cities around the country, there were unrest and riots partially in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., on April 4. These included Cleveland, Baltimore , Washington, D.C. , Chicago, New York City and Louisville, Kentucky. As in many other cities around the country, there were unrest and riots partially in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., on April 4. [iii] Luther Adams. During much of May 1968, Paris was engulfed in the worst rioting since the Popular Front era of the 1930s, and the rest of France was at a standstill. [7]Ligaes externas Mrs. Ruth B. Bryant was a mother and community leader in the West End Community. A crowd began to gather, and Patrolmen Michael A. Clifford and Ralph J. Zehnder arrived as backup. On May 27, a group of 400 people, mostly blacks, gathered at 28th and Greenwood Streets, in the Parkland . The intersection, and Parkland in general . An open housing protester is dragged to a paddy wagon by Louisville police. Burning Buildings on Chicagos West Side, April 5, 1968. Michael Schwartz Library, Cleveland State University As in many other cities around the country, there were unrest and riots partially in response to the assassination. "I looked in his eyes, and I never saw so much hate through his eyes -- you know?" When educators teach about the Civil Rights Movement we typically hear stories of black leaders such Martin Luther King Jr. and passive resistance strategies employed by citizens to elicit change. Most white residents also left the West End, which had been almost entirely white north of Broadway, from subdivision until the 1960s. Looting and shooting occurred, buildings were burned, two teens were killed, and 472 people were arrested. [volume] (Lancaster, Wis.) 1850-1968, August 15, 1857, Image 1, brought to you by Wisconsin Historical Society, and the National Digital Newspaper Program. 390 - Hippodrome Revolt (Thessaloniki, Roman Empire). Neighborhood and Lexington Urban Renewal 1965, Midway Womans Club and the Better Community Project. The Louisville riots of 1968 refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968. The grim tally deepened the despair and sense of dread: 39 dead, more than 2,600 injured and countless African-American communities ravaged, left with millions of dollars in damages and losses. His death would be the final straw in what would lead to a plethora of riots across the United States. Michael Coers / Courier-Journal April 14, 1967, Updates | Crews continue to restore power as thousands remain in the dark after wind storm; the latest numbers, LMPD: Man dies after hit-and-run on Cane Run Road, 'We can handle it': Fans brave the weather for Big Nita's Cheesecake. During the riot 2 boys were killed and 472 people were arrested. [iv] Lawrence Kenneth Chumbley (interviewer), and Bryant, Ruth. By Robert Steinau / Courier-Journal, A night of rioting on Louisville's Fourth St. By Larry Spitzer / Courier-Journal May 27-28, 1968, Ars are set on fire duing a night of rioting in Parkland. Required fields are marked *. On lookers started to multiply numbering over 200 and the situation began to escalate. Within an hour, Mayor Kenneth A. Schmied requested 700 Kentucky National Guard troops and established a citywide curfew. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Most white business owners quickly pulled out or were forced, by the threat of racial violence, out of Parkland and surrounding areas. The intersection, and Parkland in . Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., the civil-rights icon and Nobel Peace Laureate, told striking workers in Memphis, Tennessee on April 3, 1968 that the nation is sick, trouble is in the land. After a racist gunman shot and killed King the next day, The Los Angeles Times editorialized that we are a sick society that has fallen far short of what we claim to be, adding that a kind of mental and moral decay is eating out the vitals of this country. The New York Times pinpointed the sickness as coming from the stench of racial prejudice and racial hatred that remained powerful currents of thought and were at the root of the murder of the iconic civil rights leader. The police, including a captain who was hit in the face by a bottle, retreated, leaving behind a patrol car, which was turned over and burned. 1920 The Montreal Canadiens set an NHL record for most goals in a game with a 16-3 rout of the Quebec Bulldogs. And while recent investments remain relatively contained to a few blocks, community members say they hope the efforts will spread across the impoverished neighborhood, filling in vacant homes and reducing violent crime. Way Up North in Louisville African American Migration in the Urban South, 1930-1970 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010), http://public.eblib.com/EBLPublic/PublicView.do?ptiID=605903, 187. Your email address will not be published. Over the 1968 year the West End Community of Louisville Kentucky went through a great deal of active resistance to the suppression of the black community. When educators teach about the Civil Rights Movement we typically hear stories of black leaders such Martin Luther King Jr . Mayor Lindsay went into Harlem and interacted with its residents and calmed the people by saying he was sorry about what happened to Dr. King. In April 1968 after the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in Memphis, Tennessee, rioting broke out in cities across the country from frustration and despair. O Ottawa Fury mandava seus jogos no TD Place Stadium, que pertece ao municpio de Ottawa, com capacidade de 24.000 lugares.. Campanhas de destaque. TheKingAssassinationRiotswere a series of more than 100 cases of civil unrest that occurred in the wake of the death of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. By Chloe Atkins and David K. Li. [iv] Bryants esteemed position in multiple groups and her co-operation with the white community show that although there was attempts to work peacefully for change, some of the citizens in the community felt that the co-operation attempts of community leaders were not effective enough. The highways of Cincinnati. Violence and vandalism continued to rage the next day, but had subdued somewhat by May 29. Business owners began to return, although troops remained until June 4. The intersection, and Parkland in general, had recently become an important location for Louisville's black community, as the local NAACP branch had moved its office there. / 5 (users download) GET BOOK! Minor clashes broke out as some protesters threw stones at the offices of Greece's rail operator and riot police and set . On May 27, 1968, a rally took place at 28th and Greenwood to protest the arrest of Charles Thomas and Manfred G. Reid. The Civil War alone left more than half a million dead. They differed, though, over the ailments causes. Several days of eruptive disturbances forced the state to call in 2,000 National Guardsmen. The scene in Chicago was characterized by looting, arson, and violence. By decades end, the groups radical splinter faction, the Weather Underground, turned to bomb-making and more violent means of revolution. There were additional incidents, both at home and worldwide, that made the question of national sickness more urgent. These were the pervasive questions shaping American conversation in 1968. Within an hour, Mayor Kenneth A. Schmied requested 700 Kentucky National Guard troops and established a citywide curfew. Clay was stunned bythe officer's actions. The intersection, and Parkland in general, had recently become an important location for Louisville's black community, as the local NAACP branch had moved its office there. outside the Democratic National Convention. Dr. C. Mackey Daniels. The result: a further fracturing of liberalism, arguably the nations most powerful political creed since the New Deal. Patrolmen Clifford ordered Reid and others to get back, poking Reid in the chest with his finger. What Were the Community Improvement Projects? Of course, politicians stepped in, beat their chests and proffered their prescriptions. The police officers involved in this event chose to take on unnecessary actions that resulted in numerous days of unrest, instability, and danger for the West End Community. The pattern didnt end with RFKs assassination. The reason for the eruption of violence is the feeling of loss African Americans . And if it was, what made it so? . As in many other cities around the country, there were unrest and riots partially in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., on April 4. Kentucky is not often mentioned as a place of great racial disputes, but in 1968 Louisville Kentucky gained national attention as the site of a major racial riot. The crowd was protesting against the possible reinstatement of a white officer who had been suspended for beating a black man some weeks earlier. Assassinations. Those two summers were marked . A crowd of 200 or so African Americans gathered and began yelling at the officers. All rights reserved. The Louisville riots of 1968 refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968. The year began with the United States still embroiled in a seemingly endless war. The 1968 Louisville riots refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968. By Charles Fentress / Courier-Journal May 26, 1967. Indeed, for many on both the left and the right, there was a feeling that the systemthe nations institutions, be they civic, political or religioushad become complicit in fomenting the violence (Vietnam). America was certainly no stranger to political violence, but 1968 appeared to bring the bloodletting to new heights. Weitere Informationen ber die Verwendung Ihrer personenbezogenen Daten finden Sie in unserer Datenschutzerklrung und unserer Cookie-Richtlinie. The protest quickly became a full blown riot. Race is still a major issue in current day society, but the separation, turmoil, and anger associated with race issues seem to have diminished greatly over time. Racial prejudice inspired unrelenting barbarity against African-Americansslavery, lynching and systemic police brutalityalong with steady outbreaks of violence directed at a wide swath of ethnic minorities and immigrants. And while Johnson was among those who maintained that the countrys democracy was fundamentally healthy, most other American leaders and activists disagreed. Thousands of National Guard troops, 500 Maryland police, and numerous federal troops were brought to the city in response to the events taking place. However the small and unprepared police response simply upset the crowd more, which continued to grow. Book excerpt: In addition the Dr. King's assassination in 1968, the issues of civil rights, employment discrimination, poverty, racial profiling and police brutality lay at the center of both riots. The colt is such a prohibitive favorite among . The curfew took hold at 9 p.m. Thursday in the Kentucky city as the protesters met up at the First Unitarian Church. The protests were largely peaceful but a large group of . Who Were the Community Leaders and Groups Involved? A crowd began to gather, and Patrolmen Michael A. Clifford and Ralph J. Zehnder arrived as backup. Work with the NAACP and CORE of Lexington, Aeronautical Achievers, Women in the Kentucky Aviation Hall of Fame, Civil Rights Movement in Kentucky KHS Oral History Project, Crossroad of East Third Street and Former Deweese Street, Integrations Effects on the Neighborhood, Lansdowne Neighborhood Oral History Program, Martin Luther King Jr. The unrest in the nations capital led to over 1,000 buildings being burned and $27 million in damages. However, rumors (which turned out to be untrue) were spread that Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee speaker Stokely Carmichael's plane to Louisville was being intentionally delayed by whites. Whether one considers assassination, group violence or individual acts of violence, the decade of the 1960s was considerably more violent than the several decades preceding it and ranks among the most violent in our history. And the violence of 1968 in particular clashed with Americans notions of what it meant to be a 20th-century superpowerespecially one touting the ideological supremacy of democratic rights and freedoms amid the anxieties of the Cold War. events of May 1968, student revolt that began in a suburb of Paris and was soon joined by a general strike eventually involving some 10 million workers. New York Times (1923-Current file); May 31, 1968; ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The New York Times (1851 2007) 11. As in many other cities around the country, there were unrest and riots partially in response to the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., on April 4.On May 27, a group of 400 people, mostly blacks, gathered at 28th and Greenwood Streets, in the Parkland neighborhood. There were several speakers, and a rumor circulated that Stokely Carmichael would be speaking. The Detroit riots of 1968 may be considered a continuation of the riot of 1967. "Suddenly the police, when he was laying back in the cut, came into the crowd. Wenn Sie Ihre Auswahl anpassen mchten, klicken Sie auf Datenschutzeinstellungen verwalten. Matthew Dallek is associate professor at George Washington Universitys Graduate School of Political Management and author, most recently, of Defenseless Under the Night: The Roosevelt Years and the Origins of Homeland Security. Riots. There were several speakers, and a rumor circulated that Stokely Carmichael would be speaking. Earlier that month, on May 8, Patrolmen James B. Minton and Edward J. Wegenast had stopped Thomas, a schoolteacher, because he was driving a car that was similar to one used in a burglary. Their murders fueled the notion that King had been prophetic about the nation being sick and troubled., Firefighters battle a store fire set off during riots in Harlem, New York City, after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (Credit: Bettmann Archive/Getty Images). The 1968 Louisville riots refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky, in May 1968. At least 68 people were arrested in Louisville, Kentucky, as crowds marched Tuesday over the death of Breonna Taylor, police said. 1968 - Louisville riots of 1968, May 1968 (Louisville, Kentucky, USA) 1968 - Glenville Shootout , Cleveland, OH 1968 - 1968 Democratic National Convention riot, Aug. 1968, ( Chicago , Illinois , USA ) Seeing his friend harassed, Reid confronted the police, who then beat and arrested both men. My Collection Search results from the National Museum of African American History and Culture Fourteen-year-old James Groves was shot dead by Louisville police, and 19-year-old Mathias Browder fired upon by a business owner for an alleged act of looting at a liquor store. What was causing the violence? 1968 - Trenton Riot of 1968, April 9-11, Trenton, New Jersey; 1968 - 1968; 1968 - Louisville riots of 1968, May 27, Louisville, Kentucky; 1968 - Akron riot, July 17-23, Akron, Ohio; 1968 - Glenville Shootout, July 23-28, Cleveland, Ohio; 1968 - 1968 Miami riot, August 7-8, Miami . The framed image of his father, Tony Sr., hangs front and center at the well-known pizza restaurant he owns in Charlestown, Indiana. The riot would have effects that shaped the image which whites would hold of Louisville's West End, that it was predominantly black.[2]. The attempts of the militant BULK lead group were met with the same hostility on the opposing white side. Different degrees of unrest Read MoreThe Martin Luther King Assassination Riots (1968) Jim McClure. An identity check by police on two black men in a car sparks the Watts riots, August 11-17, 1965, in Los Angeles, which leave 34 dead and tens of millions of dollars' worth of . April 11, 2018. On January 31, 1968, communist troops launched an offensive during the lunar new year, called Tet. 20072023 Blackpast.org. "But some other folks, African-American folks, helped him to divert into an alley. Several community leaders arrived and told the crowd that no decision had been reached, and alluded to disturbances in the future if the officer was reinstated. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. More than 400 people were arrested, and two teenagers killed. Paris, venue later this week for the opening of the Vietnam peace talks, was stunned tonight after a day and a night of riots by at least 10,000 students on a scale unequalled in post-war years. Copyright 2018WAVE 3 News. * 1968 - Louisville riots of 1968, May 27, Louisville, Kentucky * 1968 - Glenville Shootout, July 23-28, Cleveland, Ohio * 1968 - Liberty City riot, Aug. 7-13, Miami, Florida * 1968 - 1968 Democratic National Convention protests riot, Aug. 1968, Chicago, Illinois Violent protest clashes. A crowd of 200 or so African Americans gathered and began yelling at the officers. African American Library Directors in the USA A scuffle occurred between Clifford and Reid. On May 27, a group of 400 people, mostly blacks, gathered at 28th and Greenwood Streets, in the Parkland neighborhood. A daytime rally for social justice near the intersection turned chaotic. The unrest in Chicago led to eleven deaths and over a hundred destroyed buildings. 13-16. It's been 50 years since issues of race, police brutality and resistance combined to fuel the spark of the 1968 riots in Louisville, Ky. It's been 50 years since issues of race, police brutality . TheFair Housing Actpassed by Congress on April 11, 1968 was one such measure. Reid, a real estate broker, was nearby and questioned the arrest. 1951 Temple's Bill Mlkvy scores an NCAA-record 73 points in a 99-69 rout over Wilkes. Klicken Sie auf Alle ablehnen, wenn Sie nicht mchten, dass wir und unsere Partner Cookies und personenbezogene Daten fr diese zustzlichen Zwecke verwenden. Louisville riots of 1968. By 8:30, the crowd began to disperse. See also "PHOTOS: The 1968 Louisville Riots" at the WHAS11 website. And while the abuses of urban police departments remain rampant 50 years on, the Black Lives Matter movement, combined with increasing media scrutiny of police violence against African-Americans, serve as reminders that efforts to reform police practices and the criminal-justice system remain central to the political conversation. [i] The West End Community of Louisville Kentucky embraced and demonstrated their anger and opposition to oppression of the black community. VIDEO: Why Did Columbia University Students Protest in 1968? The Louisville riots of 1968 refers to riots in Louisville, Kentucky in May 1968. The intersection, and Parkland in general, had . The emphasis on non-violent strategies used during the Civil Rights Movement distracts from the anger and frustration of many of the black citizens of the time. From colonial times to today, educators . In Washington D.C., the riots began on the same day Dr. King was assassinated. Race Riots of 1968. War. This event lead to the involvement of a local group called the Black Unity League of Kentucky (BULK). In the 1960s, racial tension had been growing in Louisville. 13:17) to be explained as not an anachronism, since by that time the Philistines and other Sea Peoples had been able to seize a fair portion of coastal Canaan in the fifth year of Ramesses III (ca. On May 27, a group of 400 people, mostly blacks, gathered at 28th and Greenwood Streets, in the Parkland neighborhood. "I was successful in getting him out of there.". he said. By Larry Spitzer / Courier-Journal May 27-28, 1968, Rioting in western Louisville at 28th & Greenwoord Streets, over civil rights issues. The black community was angry and felt decided to display their anger throughout the neighborhood. The police, including a captain who was hit in the face by a bottle, retreated, leaving behind a patrol car, which was turned over and burned. The sickness seemed to flare anew on the streets of Chicago outside the Democratic National Convention in August. Yes, the violent, bloody shadow of 1968 still casts itself over the United States 50 years later. But it was more than just the two political assassinations of towering liberal and civil-rights leaders. And in a prelude to his later famed silent majority speech, he hailed the quiet voiceof the great majority of Americans, the forgotten Americansthe non-shouters; the non-demonstrators. It was the second night in a row hundreds flocked downtown to make their voices . "I'm on the phone calling the Courier-Journal to tell them I got it covered," he recalled. At the end of the rally a confrontation occurred between some who had attended the rally and the police who were patrolling the intersection of 28th and Greenwood. Numerous troops of the Kentucky National Guard tried to quell the violence taking place in Louisville. The Continental Army, smaller militias, and France's entry into the war on the colonists' behalf led to victory over the British. In 1968 and 1969, there was a war on in York. "There was some banging on the side of his car," Owenrecalled. York's race riots were a war that left dozens injured and two people dead. Yet it would be a mistake to dismiss 1968 as a year when the United States simply unraveled and lost all hope of civil discourse. President Lyndon B. Johnson called in the National Guard to the city on April 5, 1968, to assist the police department in quelling the unrest. Assassinations. NASL: 2 lugar - 2015; Campeonato Canadense: 3 lugar - 2016; Notas. Violence in the United States has risen to alarmingly high levels, one government report, issued in December 1969, announced. However, rumors (which turned out to be untrue) were spread that Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee speaker Stokely Carmichael's plane to Louisville was being intentionally delayed by whites. The riot that took place in Louisville lasted several days and eventually the National Guard became involved in an attempt to re-establish peace. Three thousand Illinois National Guard troops were ordered into the city to help police and Cook County Sheriffs Deputies keep the peace. [1], The disturbances had a longer-lasting effect. Notifications can be turned off anytime in the browser settings. A friend of the accused, Manfred Reid, became involved and the simple traffic stops by stopping and asking why his friend was being arrested. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. "Lo and behold, I saw my son, my son was in that crowd," Montgomery said. Perhaps it flowed from the ubiquity and easy access to firearms by hate-filled madmen, or from the breakdown of social mores as rebellious young Americans openly thumbed their noses at tradition and authority. Clay said that sound brought a swift response from law enforcement. Two black teenage rioters had died, and $200,000 in damage had been done. One particular riot was called the Trenton Riots of 1968, which occurred in Trenton, NJ. Copyright 2003-2023 Reinette Jones & University of Kentucky Libraries. By 8:30, the crowd began to disperse. She worked on the Mayors Advising Committee, West End Community Council, and a womans group in Southwick. April 23, 2011 in 1960s-1970s. By laurenbailly. Reinforcements numbering 2,500 riot-trained soldiers - a brigade of the 82d Airborne Division from Ft. Bragg, N.C. _ were airlifted to nearby Andrews Air Force . In his 1968 speech accepting the Republican nomination for president, Nixon acknowledged the scourge of national violence and hatred. From Paris to Berlin to Mexico City, students and workers protested, police cracked down and blood flowed in the streets. After bottles were thrown by the crowd, the crowd became unruly and police were called.

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